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All metals and certain polymers and ceramics are inclined to corrosion, that's typically developed by the existence of moisture in the air or direct connection with water. In metals this procedure is oxidation: the alteration of electrostatic charge where oxides or salts are made, leading to damage to the metal's structure. Rusting, the production of red oxide in an iron structure, is a common demonstration of this. The term 'degradation' is applied to the corrosion of non-metals, nevertheless the process is similar: the corroding material surrenders electrons in a chemical reaction and drops its structural integrity. Corrosion testing can be applied for the following types of damage.

Galvanic corrosion occurs when two metals come into contact inside an electrolytic medium or one metal is exposed to two different electrolytes. Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion is attributable to micro-organisms assaulting a metallic or non-metallic material either with or without the presence of oxygen; for example Accelerated Low Water Corrosion damages steel piles round the low-water mark, leaving behind an orange sludge as a deposit. Aerospace materials, engines or power-generation materials are typical cases of substances vulnerable to High Temperature Corrosion. Metal Dusting happens in high-carbon-dioxide contexts, developing a tell-tale film of graphite on metal and reducing that metal to powder.

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Corrosion testing involves the promotion of degradation in test samples to ascertain the extent and rate of any damage by corrosion in the environment. Accelerated Corrosion Testing is an approach created to calibrate the long-term effects on a system of alternating wet and dry cycles, inducing the output of partially dry corrosion agents that aggravate degradation in the system. Typical will be the ISO 11474 test, which employs an outside intermittent salt water spray.

Weld testing for corrosion damage or any other structural compromise can be carried out via Dye Penetrant Inspection. Penetrant is used to a test surface and left for 5-30 minutes. Developer, such as dry powder or Non-Aqueous Wet Developer (e.g. acetone), draws penetrant from defects in a visible �bleed-out� process. Different weld testing methods involve Magnetic Particle Testing, X-rays, 3D X-rays and microscopy: all considered as Non-Destructive Inspection techniques.