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To pass the BSCI exam and earn your CCNP, you have got to know ISIS inside and out. There are many similarities in between ISIS and OSPF, but 1 main distinction is that ISIS has 3 diverse kinds of routers - Level 1 (L1), Level two (L2), and L1/L2. L1 routers are contained in a single area, and are linked to other places by an L1/L2 router. The L1 uses the L1/L2 router as a default gateway to reach destinations contained in other locations, significantly like an OSPF stub router makes use of the ABR as a default gateway. L1 routers have no certain routing table entries relating to any destination outdoors their personal area they will use an L1/L2 router as a default gateway to reach any external networks. ISIS L1 routers in the identical area must synchronize their databases with every single other. Just as we have L1 routers, we also have L2 routers. Anytime we're routing in between areas (inter-area routing), an L2 or L1/L2 router ought to be involved. All L2 routers will have synchronized databases as well. Both L1 and L2 routers send out their personal hellos. As with OSPF, hello packets allow ISIS routers to type adjacencies. The key difference here is that L1 routers send out L1 hellos, and L2 routers send out L2 hellos. If you have an L1 router and an L2 router on the same link, they will not form an adjacency. An ISIS router can act as an L1 and an L2 router at the exact same time these routers are L1/L2 routers. An L1/L2 router can have neighbors in separate ISIS areas. The L1/L2 router will have two separate databases, even though - one particular for L1 routes and an additional for L2 routes. L1/L2 is the default setting for Cisco routers operating ISIS. The L1/L2 router is the router that tends to make it attainable for an L1 router to send information to an additional area. In the subsequent element of my ISIS tutorial, we'll take a much more comprehensive look at those ISIS hellos! water ionizer